Understand · Explainer

Why does AI make things up, and how do you catch it?

Chatbots sometimes invent facts, quotes and sources, and say them with total confidence. Here is why it happens, how often it happens, what it has cost people, and a simple routine for catching it.

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The short answer

AI chatbots make things up because they are built to produce likely-sounding text, not to look facts up, and their training rewards a confident guess over admitting they don't know. Measured error rates vary widely by task, from a few per cent when summarising a document to a third or more on hard factual questions. Check any name, number, quote or source that matters before you rely on it.

Checked by a humanDrafted with AI, edited by Davide Serra
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